地球科学的发展历史及研究方向探讨

通过对地球科学发展历史的回顾 ,阐述了地球科学中的全球变化科学、城市环境、工程地质等现阶段研究状况 ,并对其将来研究方向进行了探讨 ,以便探求人类的应对策略     

负温混凝土科学技术研究再反思

从负温混凝土研究材料科学观点中的细观层次与宏观工程应用技术要求出发 ,反思了负温混凝土科学技术领域自 1994年 10月以来所开展的七项研究工作 ,并说明了负温混凝土科学技术领域所取得的主要成果 ,提出了供讨论的负温防冻剂混凝土今后研究的方向。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地层水的配伍性研究

通过对中国图书馆分类法和中国科学院图书馆图书分类法及测绘学叙词表等相关资料的分析,确定本体中的类和定义类的语义关系,基于Protégé工具构建测绘学科信息公共本体、测绘学科分类—中图法本体及测绘学科分类—科图法本体,在构建的本体基础上基于Oracle 11g语义技术构建测绘学科分类本体库,为进一步语义检索提供基础.     

石墨烯在含能材料中的应用研究进展

从石墨烯及其复合物催化剂、石墨烯添加剂和石墨烯及其复合含能材料等3个方面,介绍了近年来石墨烯在含能材料应用方面的最新研究进展。认为石墨烯及其复合催化剂对推进剂含能组分具有明显的催化作用;添加石墨烯后,推进剂燃烧及力学性能得到改善;氧化石墨烯及石墨烯构成的钝感剂可降低含能材料的机械感度;石墨烯及其复合物含能材料具有优异的性能,更大的能量释放率。提出了石墨烯在含能材料领域的发展方向和应用前景。附参考文献42篇。     

Recent Progress of Innovative Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells

Recently, innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells have attracted great interest in solar cell research fields, such as dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, thin-film solar cells, and silicon solar cells, because their device efficiencies are gradually approaching those of crystalline Si solar cells, and they can be fabricated by cheap low-temperature solution processes. Here, we review the recent progress of innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells. The introduction includes the general concerns about solar cells and why we need innovative solar cells. The second part explains the structure and the material properties of hybrid perovskite materials. We focus on why the hybrid perovskite materials can exhibit excellent solar cell properties, such as high open-circuit voltage. The third part introduces recent progress in innovative perovskite hybrid solar cells, in terms of device architecture and deposition methods for dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage. The device architecture is important in attaining high power conversion efficiency; the device operating mechanism is dependent on the device structure; and the pinhole-free dense perovskite thin films with full surface coverage are crucial for achieving high efficiency. Finally, we summarize the recent progress in perovskite hybrid solar cells, and the issues to be solved, in the summary and outlook section.     

Recent Advances in Counter Electrodes for Thiolate-mediated Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on disulfide/thiolate (T₂/T⁻) redox couples have attracted remarkable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost. As an indispensible part of DSSCs, counter electrode (CE) design plays a crucial role in high efficiency DSSCs. This mini-review paper selectively reviews the recent advances in T-mediated DSSCs using novel CE (namely cathode) materials, mainly including noble metal platinum (Pt), carbon materials, transition metal compounds (TMCs), polymers, and hybrids, thus highlighting the merits and demerits of alternative Pt catalysts, and the prospects and challenges of Pt-free CEs for the development of high-performance and low-cost DSSCs.     

美国生态主题科幻电影的启示

美国作为世界上科技最发达的国家,制作了数量巨大,主题多样,影响深远的科幻电影。通过抽取美国电影史上极具代表性的生态主题科幻电影作为样本,分析这些科幻影片所反映的人与自然的关系,以及科技发展与科幻电影的关系,对生态主题科幻电影进行哲学反思,希望有助于推动科技理性发展,同时维护科学技术与自然生态环境间和谐发展的关系。     

Coupling human mobility and social ties

Studies using massive, passively collected data from communication technologies have revealed many ubiquitous aspects of social networks, helping us understand and model social media, information diffusion and organizational dynamics. More recently, these data have come tagged with geographical information, enabling studies of human mobility patterns and the science of cities. We combine these two pursuits and uncover reproducible mobility patterns among social contacts. First, we introduce measures of mobility similarity and predictability and measure them for populations of users in three large urban areas. We find individuals'' visitations patterns are far more similar to and predictable by social contacts than strangers and that these measures are positively correlated with tie strength. Unsupervised clustering of hourly variations in mobility similarity identifies three categories of social ties and suggests geography is an important feature to contextualize social relationships. We find that the composition of a user''s ego network in terms of the type of contacts they keep is correlated with mobility behaviour. Finally, we extend a popular mobility model to include movement choices based on social contacts and compare its ability to reproduce empirical measurements with two additional models of mobility.     

推进绿色矿山建设工作与实践

建设绿色矿山是保证矿业可持续健康发展的必由之路,是实现科学发展观、社会和谐的必然选择。介绍了绿色矿山的定义和绿色矿山建设的重要性。从科创新、资源节约与综合利用、节能减排、地质灾害治理和环境保护、土地复垦、社区和谐以及企业文化方面总结了三鑫公司推进绿色矿山建设工作与实践。     

Integrating community engagement and children's voices into design and planning education

This article shares outcomes from a year-long participatory planning process – one that brought together children and youth engagement, city planning, campus planning, and a university environmental design course to explore child-friendly, dense and affordable housing for a city of approximately 100,000 residents. This process of engagement asked design students to include youth participation and child-friendly cities as an integrated component of sustainable cities. The article shows varying degrees of transformation, views of children as credible participants, and values gained from the project. Many undergraduates changed their thinking about the role of young people in design processes and outcomes.